In 2026, a deposit in 1C is recorded according to the separate accounting principle: placement is recorded as a transfer of money from a current bank account to a deposit account, repayment as a reverse transfer, and interest separately from the principal amount of the deposit. The Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan does not establish a procedure for recording these transactions in accounting software: Article 131 regulates tax refunds to diplomatic missions, Article 833 regulates the transitional procedure for considering applications for refunds of excess VAT, and Articles 837–839 regulate the preservation of certain terms of investment contracts and agreements (Articles 131, 833, 837, 838, 839 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan).
How to Organize Deposit Accounting
A separate analytical accounting item is required in 1C for each bank deposit. This makes it possible to keep balances on current and deposit accounts separate, track cash flows for each bank, and reconcile the software data with bank statements.
Before entering transactions, the accountant should check:
- which bank the deposit is opened with;
- which currency it is maintained in;
- the term for which the money has been placed;
- whether top-ups and partial withdrawals are allowed;
- how the bank accrues and pays interest;
- whether interest is transferred to the current account or added to the deposit amount;
- which documents the bank provides for each transaction.
In the 1C directories, it is necessary to create or check the bank account designated for the deposit. Separate accounts in the corresponding currencies are used for deposits in tenge, US dollars, and euros. It is convenient to specify the bank, currency, and purpose of the account in its name. This approach simplifies reconciliation and reduces the risk of recording a foreign currency transaction as a tenge transaction.
The agreement with the bank and the selected accounting analytics should also be checked. If an entity holds several deposits with one bank, it is important to distinguish them by agreements or other analytical attributes available in the configuration being used. The analytics should make it possible to separately determine the balance, receipts, repayments, and accrued interest for each deposit.
Placement and Repayment of Funds
The transfer of money to a deposit represents a movement of the entity's funds between its bank accounts. In 1C, the transaction is processed using a bank document for a transfer between current and deposit accounts or a document with an appropriate transaction type, if one is provided in the installed configuration.
When posting the placement, it is necessary to check:
- the debit account — the entity's current bank account;
- the receiving account — the relevant deposit account;
- the currencies of both accounts;
- the amount and date according to the bank statement;
- the payment purpose and agreement details;
- the entries generated by the document.
The repayment of the deposit is recorded in the reverse direction: money is debited from the deposit account and credited to the current account. The repayment amount must be compared with the terms of the agreement and the bank statement. After the document is posted, the deposit balance should decrease by the amount repaid.
If the bank transfers the deposit principal and interest in a single payment, the accountant must separate the components of the receipt. The repaid deposit amount is recorded as a repayment of the placed funds, while the interest paid by the bank is accounted for separately. The separation can be performed using the documents and analytics provided in the specific 1C configuration.
The names of transaction types, the set of fields, and the procedure for completing bank documents vary depending on the configuration and its release. Therefore, the document should be selected based on the actual interface of the installed software. If there is no separate transaction type for a deposit, an available bank document is used that allows the transfer to be recorded correctly and the link to the agreement and statement to be retained.
How to Account for Interest and a Foreign Currency Deposit
Interest on the deposit must be separated from movements in the principal amount. The agreement, bank statement, and bank calculation serve as the basis for recording the transaction. The date on which interest is recorded and the analytics used must comply with the accounting procedure adopted by the entity.
In practice, two different transactions are possible:
- the bank has accrued interest but has not yet transferred it;
- the bank has paid interest into the current or deposit account.
If accrual and payment occur on different dates, they are recorded consecutively. First, the accrual of interest is recorded based on the bank documents, followed by the receipt of funds. If the interest is added to the deposit amount, the transaction must increase the deposit balance confirmed by the bank while retaining separate information about the amount of accrued interest.
If the bank documents contain only the actual payment, the transaction is recorded according to the statement, taking into account the terms of the agreement. The payment purpose or analytics must indicate that the amount received relates specifically to interest so that it cannot be mistaken for the repayment of part of the deposit principal during reconciliation.
For a foreign currency deposit, it is particularly important to specify the account currency correctly and check the amounts both in the transaction currency and the accounting currency. A transfer between a tenge current account and a foreign currency deposit may involve the purchase or conversion of foreign currency. A transfer from one foreign currency account to another represents a different sequence of banking transactions. The documents in 1C must correspond to the transactions shown in the bank statement.
For each foreign currency transaction, the bank statement, date, currency, amount, and applied exchange rate must be checked. The foreign currency revaluation result is accounted for separately from interest because it arises for a different reason. The accounting accounts, account correspondence, and analytics are selected in accordance with the working chart of accounts, the infobase settings, and the entity's accounting policy.
If the deposit is opened in a foreign currency, reconciliation is performed not only for the amount in tenge but also for the quantity of foreign currency. A matching tenge equivalent where the foreign currency balance differs does not confirm that the accounting is correct. Foreign currency purchase transactions, transfers to the deposit, interest accruals, and repayments of funds are checked separately.
Accounting Verification and Release-Specific Features
After posting the documents, it is useful to generate an analysis of the deposit account and compare it with the bank statement. The balance in 1C must correspond to the amount confirmed by the bank as of the reporting date. The deposit principal, accrued interest, income paid, and foreign currency revaluation results are checked separately.
Special attention is required after updating the configuration. An update may change the available transaction types, the set of fields, the rules for completing documents, and the generated entries. Before recording new transactions, the accountant should check the number of the installed release, the form of the bank document, and the result of posting it using the entity's data.
If a document is created based on an application, a planned receipt, or another document, it is necessary to compare the completed bank accounts, amount, currency, agreement, and payment purpose. Automatic completion does not replace reconciliation with the bank statement. An incorrectly selected account or transaction type may result in the deposit balance not matching the bank's confirmation.
Useful checklist before closing the period:
- the balance of each deposit has been reconciled with the bank documents;
- the repayment of the principal amount has been separated from accrued interest;
- interest has been confirmed by the agreement, statement, or bank calculation;
- the currencies of the bank accounts have been specified correctly;
- foreign currency revaluation has been checked separately from interest;
- agreements and bank documents have been attached or are available for review;
- the fields and entries of new documents have been checked after updating 1C.
If a standard document does not allow the required analytics to be completed, the accounting settings, available transaction types, and capabilities of the installed release should first be checked. A manual transaction is used only after the accounting scheme has been determined, with a clear description of the transaction and retention of the link to the agreement, statement, and bank calculation.
When completing the reconciliation, the accountant must trace the movement of each amount from the statement to the accounting register, separately for placement, repayment, and interest. This procedure helps identify duplicate documents, an incorrect currency, incorrect analytics, and discrepancies between the balance in the software and the bank's data.
Questions and Answers
Is placing money on deposit an expense? — A transfer to a deposit represents the movement of the entity's money between bank accounts. Interest and bank fees are recorded as separate transactions in accordance with their substance and the bank documents.
Is it necessary to create a separate account in 1C for each foreign currency deposit? — Separate accounting is required for deposits in different currencies. Separate analytics are also required for different banks and agreements so that the balance of each deposit can be independently reconciled with the bank documents.
How should the repayment of a deposit together with interest be recorded? — The principal amount and interest are separated: the deposit is recorded as a repayment of the placed funds, while the interest is recorded as a separate receipt based on the agreement, statement, and bank calculation.
Why is there no “Agreement” field in the placement document? — The set of fields depends on the configuration, release, and selected transaction type. The link to the agreement should be retained through the available analytics, payment purpose, or another field provided by the software.
What should be checked if the deposit repayment document is generated with an error? — Check the configuration and release number, the selected transaction type, bank accounts, currency, amount, and source document. Then compare the completed fields and document entries with the bank statement.
How can interest capitalization be checked? — The amount of accrued interest must be shown separately in the accounting records, and the new deposit balance must match the bank's confirmation. The terms of the agreement, the statement, and the interest calculation serve as the basis.